نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ، ایران

2 استاد، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، مهندسی پلیمر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

5 دانشجوی فوق دکتری، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

10.22068/jstc.2018.89643.1457

چکیده

در این مقاله عملکرد بالستیکی چندلایه‌های کامپوزیتی دو و چهار لایه ساخته شده از پارچه کولار و رزین اپوکسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش لایه‌گذاری دستی ساخته شده و تحت آزمایش ضربه بالستیک قرار گرفت. حد بالستیک و انرژی جذب شده، به عنوان معیاری از عملکرد بالستیکی صفحات کامپوزیتی ارزیابی گردید. آزمایش‌ها با استفاده از پرتابه استوانه‌ای سرکروی و در محدوده سرعت 20-120 متر بر ثانیه انجام شد. نحوه خرابی و شکست نمونه‌های کامپوزیت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ال اس داینا، ضربه سرعت بالا روی صفحات کامپوزیتی شبیه‌سازی شده است. بدین منظور، مدل دقیقی از پرتابه و هدف تهیه شد. لایه‌های کامپوزیت بصورت مجزا مدل‌سازی و با اعمال قیود مناسب به هم متصل گردید. این مدل عددی، با دقت خوبی میتواند سرعت حد بالستیک هدف‌های کامپوزیتی را تعیین نماید. حداکثر خطا برای نمونه‌های 2 و 4 لایه به ترتیب 6 و 10 درصد می‌باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر شکل دماغه پرتابه بر عملکرد بالستیکی کامپوزیت کولار/اپوکسی، شبیه‌سازی نفوذ با استفاده از دو پرتابه سرکروی و سرتخت در سرعت‌های مختلف انجام شد و حد بالستیک و انرژی جذب شده برای دو نوع پرتابه مقایسه گردید. حد بالستیک برای کامپوزیت دو و چهار لایه تحت ضربه پرتابه سرتخت، به ترتیب m/s 32.5 و43.7 می‌باشد که نسبت به پرتابه سرکروی 14 و 16 درصد افزایش دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Experimental and numerical analysis of high velocity impact on Kevlar/Epoxy composite plates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Khodadadi 1
  • Gholamhossein Liaghat 2
  • Hamed Ahmadi 3
  • Ahmad Reza Bahramian 4
  • Davoud shahgholian 1
  • Yavar Anani 5
  • samane Asemani 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Polymer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In this paper, the ballistic performance of two and four-layer composite plates made of Kevlar fabric and epoxy has been investigated. Composite samples were made by hand-laying method and ballistic tests were conducted. The ballistic limit and absorbed energy were evaluated as a criteria of the ballistic performance of composite plates. Experiments were carried out using a hemispherical projectile in a velocity range of 20-120 m/s. Damage and failure of composites was evaluated. Also, using the LS-DYNA software, high velocity impact simulation on composite plates was performed. So, a precise model of projectile and target was prepared. The composite layers are individually modeled and connected to each other by appropriate constraints. This numerical model can accurately determine the ballistic limit of composite targets. Maximum error was 6 and 10% for 2 and 4 layer composites respectively. In order to investigate the effect of the projectile shape on the ballistic performance of the Kevlar/Epoxy composite, simulation was carried out using a hemispherical and blunt projectile at different velocities and ballistic limit and absorbed energy for two types of projectiles were compared. The ballistic limit for 4 and four-layer composites under impact of blunt projectile is 32.5 and 43.7 m/s, which is 14 and 16% higher than the hemispherical projectile.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • High velocity impact
  • Kevlar/Epoxy composite
  • Ballistic limit
  • Ls-Dyna
  • projectile nose shape
 
[1]   Gay D, Hoa SV, Tsai SW. “Composite materials: design and applications CRC press,” 2002.
[2]   Khodadadi, A. Liaghat, Gh. Akbari, M and Tahmasebi, M., “Numerical and experimental analysis of penetration into Kevlar fabrics and investigation of the effective factors on the ballistic factors on the ballistic performance,” In Persian, Modares Mechanical. Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 124-133, 2014. 
[3]   Colakoglu, M. Soykasap, O. Özek, T., “Experimental and numerical investigations on the ballistic performance of polymer matrix composites used in armor design,” Applied Composite Materials, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 47-58, 2007.
[4]   Khodadadi, A. Liaghat, G. Sabet, A. Hadavinia, H. Aboutorabi, A., “Experimental and numerical analysis of penetration into Kevlar fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials.; Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 392-407, 2018.
[5]   Katz, S. Grossman, E. Gouzman, I. Murat, M. Wiesel, E and Wagner, H., “Response of composite materials to hypervelocity impact,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 1606-11, 2008.
[6]   Yeganeh, EM. Liaghat, GH and Pol, MH., “Experimental investigation of quasi-static perforation on laminated glass epoxy composites by indenters with different geometries,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 185-193, 2015.
[7]   Yang, S. Chalivendra, VB and Kim YK., “Fracture and impact characterization of novel auxetic Kevlar/Epoxy laminated composite,” Composite Structures, Vol. 168, pp. 120-129, 2017.
 [8]  Ahmadi, H. Liaghat, GH. Sabouri, H and Bidkhouri, E., “Investigation on the high velocity impact properties of glass-reinforced fiber metal laminates,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 47, No. 13, pp.1605-15, 2013.
[9]   Arjangpay, A. Darvizeh, A. Yarmohammad, TM and Ansari, R., “Modeling damage evolution of composite laminates under low velocity offcenter impact,” Journal of science and technology of composites, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 243-252, 2016.
[10] Sikarwar, RS. Velmurugan, R and Gupta, N., “Influence of fiber orientation and thickness on the response of glass/epoxy composites subjected to impact loading,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 60, pp. 627-636, 2014.
[11] Khodadadi, A. Liaghat, GH. Akbari, M., “Experimental Analysis of Penetration into Targets Made of Kevlar Laminate with STF,” Aerospace Mechanics Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 85-94, 2013.
[12] Taghipoor, H. Malekzade Fard, K and Bigdeli, A., “Experimental, numerical and analytical study of energy absorption in high velocity penetration phenomena on composite targets,” journal of science and technology of composites, 2018, (Accepted).
[13] Tavassoli, N. Darvizeh, A. Darvizeh, M and Sabet, A. R., “Analytical and experimental investigation into the crushing behavior of hat shaped composite energy absorber,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 14, pp. 211-216, 2015.
[14] Shanazari, H. Liaghat, GH. Hadavinia, H and Aboutorabi, A., “Analytical investigation of high-velocity impact on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite panels,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 545-63, 2017.
[15] Sikarwar, RS. Velmurugan, R and Gupta, N., “Effect of velocity and fibres on impact performance of composite laminates–Analytical and experimental approach,” International journal of crashworthiness, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 589-601, 2017.
 [16] Kumar, S. Gupta, DS. Singh, I and Sharma, A., “Behavior of Kevlar/epoxy composite plates under ballistic impact,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 29, No. 13, pp. 2048-64, 2010.
[17] Bresciani, L. Manes, A. Ruggiero, A. Iannitti, G and Giglio, M., “Experimental tests and numerical modelling of ballistic impacts against Kevlar 29 plain-woven fabrics with an epoxy matrix: Macro-homogeneous and Meso-heterogeneous approaches,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 88, pp. 114-130, 2016.
[18] Safarabadi, M. Ashkani, p. and Ganjiani, M., “Finite element simulation of high velocity impact on polymer composite plates,” Journal of science and technology of composites, 2018, (Accepted).
[19] Hedayatian, M. Liaghat, GH. Rahimi, G and Pol, H., “Numerical and experimental analyses projectile penetration in grid cylindrical composite structures under high velocity Impact,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 17-26, 2014.
[20] Hedayatian, M. Liaghat, GH. Rahimi, G. Pol, MH. Hadavinia, H and Zamani, R., “Investigation of the high velocity impact behavior of grid cylindrical composite structures,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 38, No. 11, pp. 2603-8, 2017.
[21] Rodríguez Millán, M. Moreno, CE. Marco, M. Santiuste. Miguélez, H., “Numerical analysis of the ballistic behaviour of Kevlar® composite under impact of double-nosed stepped cylindrical projectiles,” Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 124-137, 2016.
[22] Taghizadeh, SA. Liaghat, G. Niknejad, A and Pedram, E., “Experimental study on quasi-static penetration process of cylindrical indenters with different nose shapes into the hybrid composite panels,” Composite Materials, 0021998318780490, 2018.
[23] Ramadhan, A. Talib, AA. Rafie, AM. Zahari, R., “High veocity impact response of Kevlar-29/epoxy and 6061-T6 aluminum laminated panels,” Materials & Design, Vol. 43, pp. 307-321, 2013.
[24] Pol, MH and Liaghat, G., “Investigation of the high velocity impact behavior of nanocomposites,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 1173-9, 2016.
[25] Reis, P. Ferreira, J. Santos, P. Richardson, M and Santos, J., “Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix,” Composite Structures, Vol. 94, No. 12, pp. 3520-28, 2012.
[26] Ghajar, R and Rassaf, A., “Effect of impactor shape and temperature on the behavior of E-glass/epoxy composite laminates,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 1-8, 2015.
[27] Chaparian, Y. Kabiri, A. Khaje Arzani, H and Gerami, G., “Experimental and numerical investigation of high velocity impact resistance in fiber metal laminates,” Journal of science and technology of composites, 2018,  (Accepted).
[28] Palta, E. Gutowski, M and Fang, H., “A numerical study of steel and hybrid armor plates under ballistic impacts,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 136-137, pp. 279-294, 2018.