علوم و فناوری کامپوزیت

علوم و فناوری کامپوزیت

مروری بر روشهای چقرمه سازی ناهمگن رزین اپوکسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا، مهندسی پلیمر، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، تهران.
2 استاد، مهندسی پلیمر، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، تهرا ن.
چکیده
رزین‌های اپوکسی با وجود برخورداری از خواص مکانیکی و شیمیایی ممتاز، به دلیل شکنندگی ذاتی و چقرمگی شکست پایین در کاربردهای نیازمند دوام بالا با محدودیت جدی روبه‌رو هستند. این مقاله با مروری جامع و نظام‌مند، تازه‌ترین راهبردها و دستاوردهای علمی در حوزه چقرمه‌سازی ناهمگن رزین‌های اپوکسی را بررسی می‌کند و بر سازوکارهای بنیادین و عملکرد کمی افزودنی‌هایی چون لاستیک‌های مایع، ذرات هسته–پوسته (CSPs)، گرمانرم‌ها، پلیمرهای کریستال مایع و نانومواد تمرکز دارد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد این عوامل از طریق سازوکار‌هایی مانند تسلیم برشی، حفره‌زایی، پل‌زنی و انحراف مسیر ترک، باعث اتلاف انرژی و افزایش مقاومت شکست می‌شوند. چقرمه‌سازی با لاستیک مایع نیتریل بوتادین با انتهای کربوکسیل (CTBN) گرچه مقاومت ضربه را بیش از ٪۲۰۰ بهبود می‌دهد، معمولاً با کاهش مدول همراه است؛ اما افزودنی‌هایی چون گرمانرم‌ها و ذرات CSP تعادل مناسبی میان چقرمگی و سفتی ایجاد می‌کنند، به‌گونه‌ای که CSP اصلاح‌شده با متاکریلات گلیسیدیل ضریب شدت تنش بحرانی (KIC) را از ‎85/0 به MPa·m¹/² 93/2 (افزایش‎٪ ‎245) رسانده است. در سامانه‌های هیبریدی نیز اثرات هم‌افزایی آشکار است؛ ترکیب لاستیک و فنوکسی نرخ آزادسازی انرژی کرنشی (GIC) را ٪‎260‎ افزایش می‌دهد. در نانوکامپوزیت‌ها، افزودن ‎5/0 درصد وزنی‎ اکسید گرافن عامل‌دار‌شده (GO–g–TBCP) افزایش چشمگیر ‎9/397% در چقرمگی شکست ایجاد می‌کند. این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد انتخاب روش اصلاح باید با موازنه دقیق میان افزایش چقرمگی، حفظ خواص حرارتی–مکانیکی و جنبه‌های فرآیندی همراه باشد. آینده این حوزه بر سامانه‌های هیبریدی، مواد زیست‌پایه و نانوساختارهای هوشمند با مهندسی سطح پیشرفته متمرکز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A review of heterogeneous toughening methods for epoxy resin

نویسندگان English

َAfshin Pourshaban 1
Mohammad Hosain Beheshty 2
1 Composite Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
2 Composite Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Epoxy resins, despite their outstanding mechanical and chemical properties, face serious limitations in high‑durability applications due to their inherent brittleness and low fracture toughness. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the latest strategies and scientific advances in the heterogeneous toughening of epoxy resins, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and the quantitative performance of additives such as liquid rubbers, core–shell particles (CSPs), thermoplastics, liquid‑crystal polymers, and nanomaterials. These modifiers dissipate energy and enhance fracture resistance through mechanisms including shear yielding, cavitation, bridging, and crack deflection. Toughening with liquid carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber can improve impact strength by more than 200%, although it typically reduces modulus. In contrast, additives such as thermoplastics and CSPs achieve a desirable balance between toughness and stiffness—for instance, methacrylate‑modified CSPs increased the critical stress‑intensity factor (KIC) from 0.85 to 2.93 MPa·m½ (a 245% rise). Synergistic effects are also evident in hybrid systems; combining rubber and phenoxy raised the critical strain‑energy release rate (GIC) by 260%. In nanocomposites, incorporating 0.5 wt% graphene oxide grafted triblock copolymer (GO–g–TBCP) led to an impressive 397.9% increase in fracture toughness. This study highlights that selecting a toughening approach requires a careful balance between enhancing toughness, maintaining thermo‑mechanical performance, and ensuring process compatibility. The future of this field lies in hybrid systems, bio‑based materials, and smart nanostructures with advanced surface engineering.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Epoxy resin, toughening, core&‌‌‌‌ndash
shell particles, liquid rubber, fracture mechanics
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