Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran

Abstract

Composite materials behavior is complicated more than metallic material because of different mechanisms of damage, damage growth rate and effect of them in each other. In this paper, a continuum damage mechanic based model is proposed to predict the fatigue life of symmetric cross ply laminated composites under fatigue loading. According to fiber and matrix elastic properties, Elastic material constants of lamina are defined base on micromechanical approach. Two damage variable of matrix and fiber direction are considered to explain stiffness degradation on the scale of the plies, which thus makes it possible to use in any stacking sequences of cross ply laminated composites. Also, it is capable to predicted fatigue life and residual stiffness of laminates under different states of stress and stress ratio. The available tension-tension fatigue tests on 0◦ and 90◦ unidirectional laminates are used to identify material parameters of damage evolution equations in matrix and fiber direction. Finally, the stiffness degradation and final failure cycle of laminates during the fatigue loading on unidirectional plies and cross-ply layups are compared with available experiments. The obtained results are show a good agreement with the experiments.

Keywords

[1]    Degrieck, J. and V. W, Paepegem., “Fatigue damage modeling of fibre-reinforced composite materials”, Review. ApplMech Rev, Vol. 54, No.4, pp. 279–299, 2001.
[2]    Hashin, Z. and Rotem, A., “A fatigue criterion for fibre reinforced composite materials”, J. Compos. Mater. Vol. 7, pp. 448–464, 1973.
[3]    Ellyin, F. and El-Kadi, H. “A fatigue failure criterion for fiber reinforced composite laminae”, Compos. Struct. Vol. 15, pp. 61–74, 1990.
[4]    Lawrence, Wu. CM., “Thermal and mechanical fatigue analysis of CFRP laminates”, Compos. Struct. Vol. 25, pp. 339–344, 1993.
[5] Fawaz, Z. and Ellyin, F., “Fatigue failure model for fibrereinforced materials  under general loading conditions”, J. Compos. Mater. Vol. 28, pp. 1432–1451, 1994.
[6]    Jen, MHR. and Lee, CH., “Strength and life in thermoplastic composite laminates under static and fatigue loads. Part I: Experimental”, Int. J. Fatigue Vol. 20, pp. 605–615, 1998.
[7]    Jen, MHR. and Lee, CH., “Strength and life in thermoplastic composite laminates under static and fatigue loads. Part II: Formulation”, Int. J. Fatigue Vol. 20, pp. 617–629, 1998.
[8]    Sidoroff, F. and Subagio, B., “Fatigue damage modeling of composite materials from bending tests”. In: Matthews FL, Buskell NCR, Hodgkinson JM, and Morton J (eds), 6th IntConf on Composite Materials (ICCM-VI) & Second European Conf on Composite Materials (ECCM-II): Volume 4. Proc, 20-24 July 1987, London, UK, Elsevier, Vol. 4, pp. 32–39, 1987.
[9]    Paepegem, V. W. and Degrieck, J. “Numerical modeling of fatigue degradation of fibre-reinforced composite materials”. In: Topping BHV (ed), Proc of 5th IntConf on Computational Structures Technology. Volume F: Computational Techniques for Materials, Composites and Composite Structures, Leuven, 6–8 Sept 2000, Civil- Comp Press, pp. 319–326, 2000.
[10]  Paepegem, V. W. and Degrieck, J., “Experimental setup for and numerical modeling of bending fatigue experiments on plain woven glass/epoxy composites”, Compos.Struct. Vol. 51, pp. 1–8, 2001.
[11]  Halpin, JC. Jerina, KL. and Johnson, TA., “Characterization of composites for the purpose of reliability evaluation, in Analysis of the test methods for high modulus fibers and composites”, ASTM STP 521, pp. 5–64, 1973.
[12]  Daniel, IM. and Charewicz, A., “Fatigue damage mechanisms and residual properties of graphite/epoxy laminates”, Eng. Fract.Mech., Vol. 25, pp. 793–808, 1986.
[13]  Owen, MJ. and Bishop, PT., “Prediction of static and fatigue damage and crack propagation in composite materials In: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD), Failure modes of composite materials with organic matrices and their consequences on design”. AGARD ConfProc No 163 (CP-163), Vol. 1. pp. 1.12, 1974.
[14]  Feng, X., Gilchrist, MD., Kinloch, AJ., and Matthews, FL., “Development of a method for predicting the fatigue life of CFRP components. In: Degallaix S, Bathias C, and Fouge`res R (eds)”, IntConf on Fatigue of Composites. Proc, 3–5 June 1997, Paris, France, La Socie ´te´ Franc¸aise de Me´tallurgieet de Mate´riaux, pp. 407–414, 1997.
[15]  Highsmith, AL. and Reifsnider, KL., “Stiffness-reduction mechanisms in composite laminates”. In: Reifsnider KL (ed), Damage in composite materials. ASTM STP 775. Am Soc for Testing and Materials, pp. 103–117, 1982.
[16]  Talreja, R., “Stiffness properties of composite laminates with matrix cracking and interior delamination”, Eng. Fract. Mech. Vol. 25, pp.751–762, 1986.
[17]  Talreja, R., “Damage mechanics of composite materials based on thermodynamics with internal variables”. In: Cardon AH and Verchery G (eds), Durability of polymer based composite systems for structural applications. Proc of the Int Colloquium, 27–31 Aug 1990, Brussels, Belgium, Elsevier, pp. 65–79, 1990.
[18]  McLendon, WR. and Whitcomb, JD., “Prediction of damage growth in fiber-reinforced composite using continuum damage mechanics”, Structural dynamics and materials conference-AIAA, 2009.
[19]  Song K, Li Y and Rose CA, “Continuum damage mechanics model for the analysis of progressive failure in open-hole tension laminates”, Structural dynamics and materials conference-AIAA , 2011.
[20]  Shokrieh MM and Lessard LB, “Progressive fatigue damage modeling of composite materials, Part I: Modeling”, J. Compos. Mater. Vol. 34, pp. 1056–1080, 2000.
[21]  Shokrieh, MM. and Lessard, LB., “Progressive fatigue damage modeling of composite materials, Part II: Material characterization and model verification”, J. Compos. Mater. Vol. 34, pp. 1081–1116, 2000.
[22] Zhang, X. and Zhao, J., “Applied Fatigue Damage Mechanics of Metallic Structural Members”. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 1994.
[23]  Shi, W. Hu, W. Zhang, M. and Meng, Q., “A damage mechanics model for fatigue life prediction of fibre reinforced polymer composite lamina”, school of Aeronautics Science and Engineering: BeiHag University Institute of  Solid Mechanics, Beijing 100191, China, 2011.
[24]  Herakovich, C. T., “Mechanics of Fibrous Composites”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998.
[25]  Barbero, E. J., “Finite Element Analysis of Composites Materials”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis group, Boca Raton, FL Vol. 3, pp. 3487-2742, (2008).
[26] Taheri-Behrooz, F. Shokrieh, M.M. and Lessard, L.B., “Progressive Fatigue Damage Modeling of Cross-ply Laminates, II: Experimental Evaluation”, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 44, pp. 1261-1277, 2009.