Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Nondestructive evaluation of mechanical properties and health monitoring of composite structures is of great importance. The aim of this research was to propose a nondestructive evaluation method based on the propagation of Lamb waves to investigate the matrix cracking damage in laminated cross-ply composites. For this purpose, after developing the finite element model of a glass/epoxy composite, the Lamb wave behavior was studied in two antisymmetric (A0) and symmetric (S0) modes with different excitation frequencies. The dispersion curves of the A0 and S0 modes of the Lamb wave are then obtained by considering different crack densities. It was observed that the effect of matrix crack density and the loss of mechanical properties of the cross-ply composites on the phase velocity of the S0 Lamb wave mode was higher than that of the A0 mode. Furthermore, the detection of matrix cracking was better performed using the Lamb wave velocity at high frequencies close to the cut-off frequency. It was observed that the cut-off frequency decreased by increasing the crack density, and the drop in the Lamb wave velocity increased by increasing the number of 90° layers in the cross-ply composite. It was concluded that the Lamb wave propagation simulation method can be used as a virtual laboratory for nondestructive evaluation of composites and detection of matrix crack density in them.
Keywords
Main Subjects
[2] Gayathri, P., Umesh, K. and Ganguli, R., “Effect of Matrix Cracking and Material Uncertainty on Composite Plates“ Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Vol. 95, No. 7, pp. 716-728, 2010.
[3] Abrate, S., “Matrix Cracking in Laminated Composites: A Review“ Composites Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 337-353, 1991.
[4] Hu, H. W., “Physical Aging in Long Term Creep of Polymeric Composite Laminates“ Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 245-252, 2007.
[5] Fathi, H., Kazemirad, S. and Nasir, V., “Lamb Wave Propagation Method for Nondestructive Characterization of the Elastic Properties of Wood“ Applied Acoustics, Vol. 171, pp. 107565, 2021.
[6] Gorgin, R., Luo, Y. and Wu, Z., “Environmental and Operational Conditions Effects on Lamb Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring Systems: A Review“ Ultrasonics, Vol. 105, pp. 106114, 2020.
[7] Ebrahiminejad, A., Mardanshahi, A. and Kazemirad, S., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Coated Structures Using Lamb Wave Propagation“ Applied Acoustics, Vol. 185, pp. 108378, 2022.
[8] Riahi, M. and Ahmadi, A., “Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Detection and Classification of Damages in Composite Plate-Like Structures Via Ultrasonic Guided Waves“ Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 343-352, 2018.
[9] Mardanshahi, A., Shokrieh, M.M. and Kazemirad, S., “Identification of Matrix Cracking in Cross-Ply Laminated Composites Using Lamb Wave Propagation“ Composite Structures, Vol. 235, pp. 111790, 2020.
[10] Mardanshahi, A., Nasir, V., Kazemirad, S. and Shokrieh, M.M., “Detection and Classification of Matrix Cracking in Laminated Composites Using Guided Wave Propagation and Artificial Neural Networks“ Composite Structures, Vol. 246, pp. 112403, 2020.
[12] Yilmaz, C., Topal, S., Ali, H. Q., Tabrizi, I. E., Al-Nadhari, A., Suleman, A. and Yildiz, M., “Non-Destructive Determination of the Stiffness Matrix of a Laminated Composite Structure with Lamb Wave“ Composite Structures, Vol. 237, pp. 111956, 2020.
[13] Fattahi, A., Ramezani, H., Shokrieh, M.M. and Kazemirad, S.,“Detection and Characterization of Matrix Cracking in Fiber‐Metal Laminates Using Lamb Wave Propagation“ Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. e3039, 2022.
[14] Mardanshahi, A., Shokrieh, M.M. and Kazemirad, S., “Simulated Lamb Wave Propagation Method for Nondestructive Monitoring of Matrix Cracking in Laminated Composites“ Structural Health Monitoring, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 695-709, 2021.
[15] Parvari, Y., Kazemirad, S. and Ramezani, H., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Bilayer Metal-Composite Structures Using Finite Element Simulation of Guided Lamb Wave Propagation“ Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 1700-1707, 2022.
[16] Deng, P., Saito, O., Okabe, Y. and Soejima, H., “Simplified Modeling Method of Impact Damage for Numerical Simulation of Lamb Wave Propagation in Quasi-Isotropic Composite Structures“ Composite Structures, Vol. 243, pp. 112150, 2020.
[17] Moser, F., Jacobs, L. J. and Qu, J., “Modeling Elastic Wave Propagation in Waveguides with the Finite Element Method“ NDT & E International, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 225-234, 1999.
[18] Alleyne, D. N. and Cawley, P., “A Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Method for the Measurement of Propagating Multimode Signals“ Journal of.
)