Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Advanced Structures Research Laboratory, Aerospace Engineering Department, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
In this paper, first, the process of modeling the delamination due to the traditional drilling process with twist bit in composite laminates in the finite element bed has been described and the drilling results in a laminate have been investigated. Then, the mechanical behavior of this laminate containing the delamination was studied under uniaxial loading and the results of the analysis were compared with the literature. For this analysis, the mechanical and strength properties and behavior of the composite layers were assigned by writing the structural laws of anisotropic materials and the Hashin damage criterion, respectively, in the form of VUMAT subroutine in ABAQUS software. To monitor the delamination phenomenon, cohesive elements between the layers were used based on the bilinear traction-separation law. There was a good agreement between the results of the present finite element analysis and the previous researches. In the following, the behavior of drilled composite laminate containing primary drilling-induced delamination under tensile and compressive loads was investigated. The results show that in the case where the initial delamination was applied around the hole, the tensile and compressive strength of the laminate decrease by 5.5 and 19.5 percent on average, respectively, compared to the case where the drilled plate was analyzed regardless of the initial delamination. The larger the delamination area, the greater the strength drop
Keywords
Main Subjects
[2] Peng, R.L., Zhou, J., Johansson, S., Billenius, A., Bushlya, V. and Stahl, J.E., “Surface integrity and the influence of tool wear in high-speed machining of Inconel 718,” 13th International conference of Fracture, pp. 1–10, 2013.
[3] Sridharan, S., “Delamination behavior of composites”, Once Edition, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2008.
[4] Srinivasan, T., Palanikumar, K., Rajagopal, K. and Latha, B., “Optimization of delamination factor in drilling GFR–polypropylene composites,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 226-233, 2017.
[5] Micillo, C. and Huber, J., “Innovative manufacturing for automated drilling operations,” Proc. Autofact West, Vol. 2, pp. 253, 1980.
[6] Kline, G.M., “Ultrasonic drilling of boron fiber composites,” Modern Plastics, Vol. 52, pp. 88, 1974.
[7] Mazumdar, S., “Composites manufacturing: materials, product, and process engineering,” CRC press, 2001.
[8] Ghesmati-Kucheki, H., “Drilling-induced damage evaluation modeling in laminated composites subjected to tension and compression loading,” In Persian, MSc Thesis, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Iran, 2022.
[9] Phadnis, V.A., Makhdum, F., Roy, A. and Silberschmidt, V. V., “Drilling in carbon / epoxy composites: Experimental investigations and finite element implementation,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 47, pp. 41–51, 2013.
[10] Isbilir, O. and Ghassemieh, E., “Numerical investigation of the effects of drill geometry on drilling induced delamination of carbon fiber reinforced composites,” Composite Structures, Vol. 105, pp. 126–133, 2013.
[11] Isbilir O. and Ghassemieh, E., “Three-dimensional numerical modelling of drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1209–1219, 2014.
[12] Feito, N., López-Puente, J., Santiuste, C. and Miguélez, M. H., “Numerical prediction of delamination in CFRP drilling,” Composite Structures, Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 677–683, 2014.
[13] Feito, N., Diaz-Álvarez, J., López-Puente, J. and Miguelez, M. H., “Numerical analysis of the influence of tool wear and special cutting geometry when drilling woven CFRPs,” Composite Structures, Vol. 138, pp. 285–294, 2016.
[14] Feito, N., Díaz-Álvarez, J., López-Puente, J. and Miguelez, M. H., “Experimental and numerical analysis of step drill bit performance when drilling woven cfrps,” Composite Structures, Vol. 184, pp. 1147–1155, 2018.
[15] Chang, F. K. and Lessard, L. B., “Damage tolerance of laminated composites containing an open hole and subjected to compressive loadings: Part I—Analysis,” Journal of composite materials, Vol. 25, pp. 2-43, 1991.
[16] Satyanarayana, A. and Przekop, A., “Predicting failure progression and failure loads in composite open-hole tension coupons,” Hampton, VA: NASA Langley Research Center, 2010.
[17] Aidi, B., and Case, S. W., “Experimental and numerical analysis of notched composites under tension loading,” Applied Composite Materials, Vol. 22, pp.837-855, 2015.
[18] Taheri-Behrooz, F. and Bakhshan, H., “Tensile characteristic length determination of notched woven composite laminates by means of progressive damage analysis,” In Persian, Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol.15, No. 8, pp. 360-370, 2015.
[19] Mandal, B. and Chakrabarti, A., “Simulating progressive damage of notched composite laminates with various lamination schemes,” International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 22, 2017.
[20] Khechai, A., Tati, A., Guerira, B., Guettala, A. and Mohite, P. M., “Strength degradation and stress analysis of composite plates with circular, square and rectangular notches using digital image correlation,” Composite structures, Vol. 185, pp. 699-715, 2018.
[22] Tsai, S. W. and Wu, E. M., “A general theory of strength for anisotropic materials,” Journal of Composite Materials. Vol. 5, pp. 58–80, 1971.
[23] Tsai, S. W., “Strength theories of filamentary structures fundamental aspects of fibre reinforced plastic composites.” New York: Wiley–Interscience, 1968.
[24] Hashin, Z., “Failure criteria for unidirectional fibre composites,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 47, pp. 329–334, 1980.
[25] Puck, A. and Schürmann, H, “Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models,” Composites science and technology, Vol. 62, pp. 1633-1662, 2002.
[26] Cepero-Mejías, F., Curiel-Sosa, J. L., Blázquez, A., Yu, T. T., Kerrigan, K. and Phadnis, V. A, “Review of recent developments and induced damage assessment in the modelling of the machining of long fibre reinforced polymer composites,” Composite Structures, Vol. 240, pp. 112006, 2020.
[27] ABAQUS User's Manual, Version 6.14. Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp.
[28] Heidari-Rarani, M. and Sayedain, M., “Finite element modeling strategies for 2D and 3D delamination propagation in composite DCB specimens using VCCT, CZM and XFEM approaches,” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 103, pp. 102246, 2019.
[29] Ghesmati-Kucheki, H., Zakeri, M. and Ayatollahi, M. R., “Investigating the effect of different variables to reduce delamination due to drilling in composite laminates,” In Persian, Iranian Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 15-20, 2021.
[30] Shimizu, S., Sato, M., Koyanagi, J., Suemasu, H., and Kogo, Y., “Numerical simulation of compressive failure of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic laminates with various hole shapes,” Advanced Composite Materials, Vol. 30, No. 1, PP. 58-75, 2021.
)