Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

10.22068/jstc.2019.107571.1547

Abstract

The purpose of this study is the improvement of the mechanical, thermal, and anti-bacterial properties of the Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Chitosan films by adding the Titanium Oxide nanoparticles. The titanium oxide nanoparticles in content of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were added into PLA/Chitosan matrix. Tensile test for determining the tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation, Differential Scanning Calorimetry test for evaluating the thermal properties of the samples, and anti-bacterial test for determining the anti-bacterial behavior of the polymer samples were done. The Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) mages were taken to investigate the morphology and nanoparticles dispersion in the polymer matrix. The SEM images showed that the nanoparticles were dispersed in the matrix homogenously. The tensile test showed that the nanoparticles in content of 3 wt.% improved the tensile strength and elastic modulus significantly. DSC test showed that the addition of the titanium oxide nanoparticles into PLA/Chitosan increases the crystalline temperature and degree of crystallinity. The nanoparticles improved the anti-bacterial properties of the PLA/Chitosan matrix.

Keywords

 
6-مراجع
[1]Rhim, J.W., Hong, S.I., and Ha, C.S., “Tensile, water vapor barrier and antimicrobial properties of PLA/nanoclay composite films” LWT – Food Science and Technology,  Vol. 42, pp. 612–617, 2009.
[2]Chen, C.H., Wang, F.Y., Mao, C.F., Liao, W.T., and Hsieh, C.D., “Studies of chitosan: II. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin ternary blend films” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 43, pp. 37–42, 2008.
[3]Lim, L.-T., Auras, R., and Rubino, M., “Processing technologies for poly(lactic acid)” Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 33, pp. 820–852, 2008.
[4]Fortunati, E., Armentano, I., Iannoni, A., and Kenny, J.M., “Development and thermal behaviour of ternary PLA matrix composites” Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 95, pp. 2200–2206, 2010.
[5]Petersen, K., Nielsen, P., and Olsen, M., “Physical and mechanical properties of biobased materials-starch, polylactate and polyhydroxybutyrate” Starch, Vol. 53, pp. 356–361, 2001.
[6]Cuero, R.G., “Antimicrobial action of exogenous chitosan. In: Jollés, P., Muzzarelli, R.A.A. (Eds.), Chitin and Chitinases” Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Siwitzerland, pp. 315–333, 1999.
[7]Grande, R., and Carvalho, A.J.F., “Compatible ternary blends of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic acid produced by oil-in-water emulsion processing” Biomacromolecules, Vol. 12, pp. 907–914, 2011.
[8]Vargas, M., Albors, A., Chiralt, A., and González-Martínez, C., “Characterization of chitosan–oleic acid composite films” Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 23, pp. 536–547, 2009.
[9]Chen, C., Dong, L., and Cheung, M.K., “Preparation and characterization of biodegradable poly(L-lactide)/chitosan blends “ European Polymer Journal, Vol. 41, pp. 958–966, 2005.
[10]Sébastien, F., Stéphane, G., Copinet, A., and Coma, V., “Novel biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly(lactic acid) with antifungal properties against mycotoxinogen strains” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 185–193, 2006.
[11]Correlo, V.M., Boesel, L.F., Bhattacharya, M., Mano, J.F., Neves, N.M., and Reis, R.L., “Properties of melt processed chitosan and aliphatic polyester blends “ Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 403, pp. 57–68, 2005.
[12]Piekarska, K., Sowinski, P., Piorkowska, E., Md.M.-Ul., and Pracella, M., “Structure and properties of hybrid PLA nanocomposites with inorganic nanofillers and cellulose fibers “ Composites Part A, Vol. 82, pp. 34-41, 2016.
[13]Stloukal, P., Pekařová, S., Kalendova, A., Mattausch, H., Laske, S., Holzer, C., Chitu, L., Bodner, S., Maier, G., Slouf, M., and Koutny, M., “Kinetics and mechanism of the biodegradation of PLA/clay nanocomposites during thermophilic phase of composting process “ Waste Management, Vol. 42, pp. 31-40, 2015.
[14]Lin, H., Pei, L., and Zhang, L., “Enhanced thermal conductivity of PLA‐based nanocomposites by incorporation of graphite nanoplatelets functionalized by tannic acid” In Persian, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 135, pp. 46397-46401, 2018.
[15]Liu, Ch., Wong, H.M., Yeung, K.W.K., and Tjong, S.Ch., “Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Fiber Mats with Hybrid Graphene Oxide and Nanohydroxyapatite Reinforcements Having Enhanced Biocompatibility” polymers, Vol. 287, No. 8, pp. 1-19, 2016.
[16]Buzarovska, A., “PLA nanocomposites with functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles” Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 280-286, 2013.
[17]Li, W., Zhang, Ch., Chi, H., Li, L., Lan, T., Han, P.,  Chen, H., and Qin, Y., “Development of antimicrobial packaging film made from poly (lactic acid) incorporating titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles“ Molecules, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 1170, 2017.
[18]Mallick, Sh., Ahmad, Z., Touati, F., Bhadra, J., Shakoor, R.A., and Al-Thani, N.J., “PLA-TiO2 nanocomposites: Thermal, morphological, structural, and humidity sensing properties” Ceramics International, Vol. 44, No. 14, pp. 16507-16513, 2018.
[19]Zhuang, W., Liui, J., Zhang, J., Hu, B.X., and  Shen, J., “Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of TiO2/PLA Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization“ Polymer Composites, pp. 1074-1080, 2009.
[20]Shaari, A., Abu Seman, M.N., and  Faizal, C.K.M., “Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPS)-Loaded Chitosan/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biofilms by Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)“ MATEC Web of Conferences 109, 2017.
[21]Fakhreddin, H.S., Rezaei, M., Zandi,M., and Ghavi, F.F., “Preparation and functional properties of fish gelatin-chitosan blend edible filmseparation, Characterization, and Properties of TiO2/PLA Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization“ Food Chem, pp. 1490, 2013.
[22]Bindhu, B., Renisha, R., Roberts, L., and Varghese, T.O., “Boron Nitride reinforced polylactic acid composites film for packaging: Preparation and properties “ Polymer Testing, Vol. 66, pp. 172–177, 2018.
[23]Kontou, E., and Niaounakis, M., “Thermo-mechanical properties of LLDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites “ Polymer, Vol. 47, pp. 172–177, 2006.
[24]Abdulkhani, A., Hosseinzadeh, J., Ashori, A., Dadashi, S., and Takzare, Z., “Preparation and characterization of modified cellulose nanofibers reinforced polylactic acid nanocomposite “ Polymer Testing, Vol. 35, pp. 73–79, 2014.