Creep strength of hybrid composites used in power transmission line conductors

Malmorad, Mohsen; Rahmani, Khosrow; Sarfaraz, Roohollah

doi:10.22068/jstc.2021.124560.1651

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22068/jstc.2021.124560.1651

Abstract

In this paper, the creep strength of hybrid composites used in the new generation of power transmission line conductors is predicted. The hybrid composite rods consist of carbon fiber/epoxy composite core surrounded by a glass fiber/epoxy composite shell. The hybrid rods were fabricated by using the pultrusion process. Dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out at various frequencies on specimens cut from the carbon/epoxy fiber composite core. In addition, the hybrid composite rods were subjected to three-point bending experiments at constant loading rate and different temperatures. The master curve of the storage modulus corresponding to carbon/epoxy composite core was derived at the desired reference temperature based on the time-temperature superposition principle. Consequently, the master curve of the constant strain rate flexural strength was constructed using the time-temperature shift factors and the monotonic flexural strengths of hybrid composites at different temperatures. Based on these data, the creep strength master curve was developed at the operating temperature. The prediction of creep life based on the constructed master curve shows a proper response of these conductors at service condition.

Keywords

References

[1] Alawar, A., Bosze, EJ., Nutt, SR., “A composite core conductor for low sag at high temperatures,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 2193-2199, 2005.

[2] Jones, W. D., ‘More heat, less sag [power cable upgrades],” IEEE Spectrum,Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 16-18, 2006.

[3] Bosze, EJ., Alawar, A., Bertschger, O., Tsai, YI., Nutt, SR., “High-temperature strength and storage modulus in unidirectional hybrid composites,” Composites Science and Technology. Vol. 66, No. 13, pp.1963-1969, 2006.

[4] Middleton, J., Hoffman, J., Burks, B., Predecki, P., and kumosa, M,. “Aging of a polymer core composite conductor: Mechanical properties and residual stresses”. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 69, pp. 159–67, 2015.

[5] Middleton, J., Burks, B., Wells, T., Setters, AM., Jasiuk, I., Kumosa, M, “The effect of ozone and high temperature on polymer degradation in polymer core composite conductors”. Polymer Degradation and Stabililty, Vol. 98, pp. 2282–90, 2013.

[6] Tsai, Y.I., Bosze, E.J., Barjasteh, E., Nutt, S.R., “Influence of hygrothermal environment on thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/fiberglass hybrid composites”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 432 437, 2009.

[7] Zhao,G., Wang, J., Hao, W., Luo, Y., Guo, G., ”Creep life evaluation of aluminum conductor composite core utilized in high voltage electric transmission,” Polymer Testing, Vol. 63, pp. 573-581, 2017.

[8]Khalili, S.M.R., Eslami Farsani, R., Dastmard, R., “Experimental investigation of creep behavior in phenolic based polymer composites,” In Persian, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites,Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 37-42, 2015.

[9] Rafiee, R. and Mazhari, B., “Modeling creep in long fiber rienforced laminated composites using micromechanical rules,” In Persian, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites,Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 409-418, 2017.

[10] Ahmadi I., and Ataei, N., “Micromechanical modeling modeling for prediction of the creep behavior of fibrous composite materials,” In Persian, Modares Mechanical Engineering,Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 249-260, 2016.

[11] Nakada, M., “Accelerated testing methodology for predicting long-term creep and fatigue in polymer matrix composites,” Creep and fatige in polymer matrix composites, Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, pp. 439-460, 2011.

[12] Miyano, Y., Nakada, M., “Accelerated testing methodology for durability of CFRP,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 191, pp. 107977, 2020.

[13] Zho, J., You, F., Su, L., Yang, Z., Chen, G., Guo, S., “Failure mechanism of time-temperature superposition for poly(vinyl chloride)/dicotytylphthalate(100/70) system,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 124, pp. 452-458, 2011.

[14] Leaderman, H., “Elastic and creep properties of filamentous materials and other high polymers,” Washington, Dc: The Textile Foundation, 1943.

[15] Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F., Ferry, J.D., “The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids,” Journal of the American Chemical Society , Vol. 77, pp. 3701-3707, 1955.

[16] Naya, S., Meneses, A., Tarrio-Saavedra, J., Artiaga, R., Lopez-Beceiro, J., Gracia-Fernandez, C., “New method for estimating shift factors in time-temperature superposition models,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 113, pp. 453-460, 2013.

[17] Pascault, J.P., Sautereau, H., Verdu, J., Williams, R., Thermosetting Polymers, New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002.

[18] Christensen, R., and Miyano, Y., “Stress intensity controlled kinetic crack growth and stress history dependent life prediction with statistical variability,” International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 137, pp. 77-87, 2006.

[19] Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: D 790-10, 2010.

[20] Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: determination and report of procedures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: D 4065-01, 2004.

Creep strength of hybrid composites used in power transmission line conductors

References

Volume 7, Issue 4March 2021Pages 1227-1234

Volume 7, Issue 4
March 2021
Pages 1227-1234