نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان .

2 کارشناسی، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان.

10.22068/jstc.2022.557725.1794

چکیده

مقاومت به ضربه و جذب انرژی کامپوزیت های گرماسخت نه تنها به دلیل تردی ذاتی فاز زمینه یک چالش جدی محسوب می گردد، بلکه تقویت این فاز زمینه با دیگر مولفه های کامپوزیتی به دلیل وجود فازهای آگلوموره و برهمکنش های ضعیف در غیاب اصلاح کننده ها و عامل های کوپلینگ و در نتیجه انتقال نیروی ضعیف در فصل مشترک می تواند خواص جذب انرژی کامپوزیت های گرمانرم را بحرانی تر نماید. یکی از کمیت های هندسی مهم بر روی عوامل مذکور ضریب اندازه موثر الیاف می باشد. در این مطالعه، میکروکامپوزیت های هیبرید الیاف طبیعی کنف/پلی استر توسط روش ترکیب مستقیم با نسبت اندازه نامی الیاف کنف معادل 160، 250 و 320 ساخته شده و به منظور بررسی خواص هم افزایی، میکروذرات کربن سیاه با صفر تا 8 درصد وزنی به نمونه ها با درصد الیاف 5 افزوده شد. نتایج تاثیر مستقیم ضریب اندازه و درصد وزنی الیاف بر روی استحکام ضربه را با افزایش تا 203% نشان داد. اثر هم افزایی کربن سیاه بر روی نمونه های مرجع با طول الیاف 5/0 و 1 سانتیمتر با درصد 5 منجر به 108% افزایش در استحکام ضربه در طول الیاف 5/0 سانتیمتر شد ولیکن در طول الیاف بلندتر منجر به کاهش ضربه پذیری و عدم تاثیر چشمگیر بر انرژی جذب کامپوزیت ها شد. مشاهده 28 و 65 درصد بهبود انرژی جذب به ترتیب نسبت به پلی استر خالص و نمونه های مرجع 5% کنف با طول 5/0 سانتیمتر در 5% کربن سیاه اثر هم افزایی کربن سیاه/کنف را تائید نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Energy absorption of polyester/kenaf fiber/carbon black hybrid composites affected by fibers aspect ratio

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Karevan 1
  • Mohammad Sadegh Mirzaei Sichani 2
  • Ali Akbari Dastgerdi 2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Impact resistance and energy absorption of thermosetting composites not only due to the inherence brittleness of the matrix, but also reinforcing the matrix with other composite components due to agglomerated phases, weak interfacial interaction at the absence of functionalization and coupling agents and thus weak interfacial load transfer could result in more deteriorated thermosetting composites energy absorption behavior. One important geometrical quantity is the effective aspect ratio (AR) of fillers. In this study, hybrid microcomposites of natural kenaf fiber/polyester was prepared through a direct mixing technique using nominal fibers ARs of 160, 250 and 320. To evaluate the synergistic effects, micro-particles of carbon black (CB) at the loading of 0 to 8 wt% were added to specimens with kenaf wt% of 5. The results demonstrated the direct influence of AR and wt% of fibers on the impact resistance with up to 203% improvement. The synergistic effect of CBs on the reference sample containing 5 wt% of fibers of 0.5 and 1 cm and 5 wt% led to 108% increase in the impact resistance in the case of 0.5 cm long fibers; however, at longer fibers the addition of CB resulted in the decrease in impact resistance and no significant changes in absorbed energy. The observed 28 and 65% enhancement in the absorbed energy of behavior of samples filled 5wt% of CB and 5 wt% of kenaf with the length of 0.5 cm compared to neat polyester and the reference kenaf/polyester parts, respectively, confirmed the synergistic effect of CBs and kenaf.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microcomposites
  • Natural kenaf fiber
  • Impact resistance
  • Energy absorption
  • Synergy
[1]  Ahmad, F., Choi, H. S. and  Park, M. K., “A Review: Natural Fiber Composites Selection in View of Mechanical, Light Weight, and Economic Properties“ Macromolecular materials and engineering, Vol. 300, No. 1, pp. 10-24, 2015.
[2]  Ilyas, R., Zuhri, M., Aisyah, H., Asyraf, M., Hassan, S., Zainudin, E., Sapuan, S., Sharma, S., Bangar, S. and  Jumaidin, R., “Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications“ Polymers, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 202, 2022.
[3]  Kumar, S., Manna, A. and  Dang, R., “A Review on Applications of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites (Nfrcs)“ Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 50, pp. 1632-1636, 2022.
 
[4]  Silva, G., Kim, S., Aguilar, R. and  Nakamatsu, J., “Natural Fibers as Reinforcement Additives for Geopolymers–a Review of Potential Eco-Friendly Applications to the Construction Industry“ Sustainable Materials and Technologies, Vol. 23, pp. e00132, 2020.
[5]  Amiandamhen, S., Meincken, M. and  Tyhoda, L., “Natural Fibre Modification and Its Influence on Fibre-Matrix Interfacial Properties in Biocomposite Materials“ Fibers and polymers, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 677-689, 2020.
[6]  Asumani, O. and  Paskaramoorthy, R., “Fatigue and Impact Strengths of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effects of Fibre Treatments“ Advanced Composite Materials, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 103-115, 2021.
[7]  Sarpanahi, R. and  Tavakoli, m., “The Effect of Surface Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Plant Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review“ In Persian, Journal of Textile Science and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 25-36, 2019.
[8]  Shokrieh, M. M., and  Omidi, J., “The Impact Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review“ Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (in Persian), Vol. 24, No. 4, 2011.
[9]  Ramesh, M., Palanikumar, K. and  Reddy, K. H., “Comparative Evaluation on Properties of Hybrid Glass Fiber-Sisal/Jute Reinforced Epoxy Composites“ Procedia Engineering, Vol. 51, pp. 745-750, 2013.
[10] Reddy, M. I., Varma, U. P., Kumar, I. A., Manikanth, V. and  Raju, P. K., “Comparative Evaluation on Mechanical Properties of Jute, Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites with Polyester and Epoxy Resin Matrices“ Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 5649-5654, 2018.
[11] Singh, J. I. P., Dhawan, V., Singh, S. and  Jangid, K., “Study of Effect of Surface Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites“ Materials today: proceedings, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 2793-2799, 2017.
[12] Wambua, P., Ivens, J. and  Verpoest, I., “Natural Fibres: Can They Replace Glass in Fibre Reinforced Plastics?“ Composites science and technology, Vol. 63, No. 9, pp. 1259-1264, 2003.
[13] Khoathane, M., Vorster, O. and  Sadiku, E., “Hemp Fiber-Reinforced 1-Pentene/Polypropylene Copolymer: The Effect of Fiber Loading on the Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of the Composites“ Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 27, No. 14, pp. 1533-1544, 2008.
[14] Chandramohan, D. and  Kumar, A. J. P., “Experimental Data on the Properties of Natural Fiber Particle Reinforced Polymer Composite Material“ Data in brief, Vol. 13, pp. 460-468, 2017.
[15] Eze, I., Igwe, I., Ogbobe, O., Anyanwu, E. and  Nwachukwu, I., “Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Powder Filled High Density Polyethylene“ International Journal of Engineering and Technologies, Vol. 9, pp. 13-19, 2016.
[16] Senthiil, P. and  Sirsshti, A., “Studies on Material and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites“ International Journal of Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No. 11, pp. 18-27, 2014.
[17] Azammi, A. N., Ilyas, R., Sapuan, S., Ibrahim, R., Atikah, M., Asrofi, M. and  Atiqah, A., “Characterization Studies of Biopolymeric Matrix and Cellulose Fibres Based Composites Related to Functionalized Fibre-Matrix Interface“  in: Interfaces in Particle and Fibre Reinforced Composites, Eds., pp. 29-93: Elsevier, 2020.
[18] Moradi, E., Zeinedini, A. and  Heidari Shahmaleki, E., “Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites Reinforced by Natural Fibers of Cotton, Wool and Kenaf under Tensile, Flexural and Shear Loadings“ In Persian, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites (JSTC), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. -, 2019.
[19] Ariawan, D., Mohd Ishak, Z., Salim, M., Mat Taib, R. and  Ahmad Thirmizir, M., “Wettability and Interfacial Characterization of Alkaline Treated Kenaf Fiber‐Unsaturated Polyester Composites Fabricated by Resin Transfer Molding“ Polymer Composites, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 507-515, 2017.
[20] Ramesh, P., Prasad, B. D. and  Narayana, K., “Effect of Fiber Hybridization and Montmorillonite Clay on Properties of Treated Kenaf/Aloe Vera Fiber Reinforced Pla Hybrid Nanobiocomposite“ Cellulose, Vol. 27, No. 12, pp. 6977-6993, 2020.
[21] Sapiai, N., Jumahat, A., Jawaid, M. and  Khan, A., “Effect of Mwcnt Surface Functionalisation and Distribution on Compressive Properties of Kenaf and Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fibres Reinforced Polymer Composites“ Polymers, Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 2522, 2020.
[22] Nematollahi, M., Karevan, M., Fallah, M. and  Farzin, M., “Experimental and Numerical Study of the Critical Length of Short Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites“ Fibers and Polymers, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 821-828, 2020.
[23] Norizan, M. N., Alias, A. H., Sabaruddin, F., Asyraf, M., Shazleen, S., Mohidem, N., Kamarudin, S., Norrrahim, M. N. F., Rushdan, A. I. and  Ishak, M., “Effect of Silane Treatments on Mechanical Performance of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review“ Functional Composites and Structures, 2021.
[24] Cho, D., Lee, H. S. and  Han, S. O., “Effect of Fiber Surface Modification on the Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymer Composites“ Composite Interfaces, Vol. 16, No. 7-9, pp. 711-729, 2009.
[25] Abolhasani, S., Fallah, F. and  Akbari, J., “Manufacturing and Investigating Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers“ Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 75-83, 2019.
[26] Gholami, M., Ahmadi, M. S., Tavanaei, M. A. and  Khajeh Mahrizi, M., “Mechanical Properties of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review“ Basparesh, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 82-93, 2017.
[27] Singh, M. K. and  Zafar, S., “Wettability, Absorption and Degradation Behavior of Microwave-Assisted Compression Molded Kenaf/Hdpe Composite Tank under Various Environments“ Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 185, pp. 109500, 2021.